Scotland lies at the Northern end of the UK and is one of the 4 separate countries that make up the UK, including England, Northern Ireland and Wales. Scotland shares a border with England and is surrounded by sea on three sides, The North Sea, The Atlantic Ocean, and the Irish Sea. The present population is estimated at around 5 million people. Most of the population lives in the central belt where most of the cities and large towns are situated. Glasgow is to the West, and Edinburgh lies to the East. The Scottish economy is open mixed and is closely linked with Europe and the wider world. Oil related industries operating in the North Sea have been a major employer since the 1970s and continue to be a main contributing driving force in the Scottish economy. Other main Scottish imports include, whisky, electronics, and financial services.
Scotland gained a reputation for its excellence in engineering in the 19th Century especially in heavy industry, glorified in the ships that were built on the River Clyde in Glasgow. Prefabricated cast iron buildings made in Scotland are still in use today in India, South Africa, and Australia. Scotland gave birth to some of the most well known scientists, engineers, and architects of the industrial age including, Andrew Carnegie, James Watt, Robert Stevenson, and Thomas Telford. Scotland has partial self government within the UK, as well as representation in the UK Parliament. The Scottish Government and Scottish Parliament meet at Hollyrood Palace in the capital city of Edinburgh. Scotlands head of state is still the monarch of the UK, Queen Elizabeth II. However, at the time of writing there is a lot of debate in the Scottish Parliament to hold a referendum on the discussion of possible Scottish independence.
The mainland of Scotland comprises the Northern third of the land mass of the island of Great Britain. The country is mainly divided into 3 parts. The Lowlands which sits on the border with England. The Central Lowlands which is the industrial heart and where most of the population lives and finally the Highlands and Islands. This Northern part of Scotland mainly comprises of ancient rocks, mountain ranges, glens, and deep inland lochs that were formed from melting ice during the last ice age. Scotlands climate can be very temperamental. It is warmed by the Gulf Stream from the Atlantic producing milder winters, but cooler and wetter summers. Some of the scenery in the Scottish Highlands is breathtakingly spectacular and a great way to see it is by mini bus hire with driver
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